Each, various, other: 每, 各, 其他, 另外
代词 / pronouns
Tone colorsā tone 1á tone 2ǎ tone 3à tone 4a neutral
- 每 (měi): "each, every", one by one, often with 都: 每个人都…
- 各 (gè): "each, various", with a sense of diversity; it goes straight before some nouns, no measure word: 各地 (everywhere, in every region), 各国, 各位.
- 其他 (qítā): "the other(s)" (the rest of a set): 其他人, 其他地方.
- 另外 (lìngwài): "another, an additional": 另外一个办法; as a conjunction: "besides, in addition".
Examples
每年春节，各地的人都回家过年。
Měi nián Chūnjié, gè dì de rén dōu huí jiā guònián.Every Spring Festival, people from all over go home for the New Year.
除了饺子，北方人还吃其他东西吗？
Chúle jiǎozi, běifāngrén hái chī qítā dōngxi ma?Besides dumplings, do northerners eat anything else?
这个办法不行，我们试试另外一个吧。
Zhège bànfǎ bù xíng, wǒmen shìshi lìngwài yí ge ba.This method doesn't work, let's try another one.
各位朋友，新年快乐！
Gè wèi péngyou, xīnnián kuàilè!Dear friends, Happy New Year!
Common mistakes
✗ 每书 → 每 needs a measure word except with a few nouns (人, 天, 年). ✓ 每本书。
✗ 其他一个人 → for "one other person": ✓ 另外一个人。